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Life-Cycle Costing & Total Cost of Ownership5 / 11

Total Cost of Ownership

Capital cost is just the start: operating cost, maintenance, replacement, and residual value.

10 min read · Jacob Willis, Net Zero Lead · Last reviewed July 2026


Purchase price is the cost everyone sees and the one that matters least. For energy-using equipment, the money spent buying it is usually dwarfed by the money spent running it: the motors course showed a motor consuming its own purchase price in electricity every few weeks. Total cost of ownership (TCO) is the discipline of counting every pound a piece of equipment costs across its whole life, and it routinely overturns the decision that purchase price alone would make. This lesson builds a TCO and shows why the cheap option so often turns out to be the expensive one.

In this lesson

  • 01The five components
  • 02Where TCO changes the decision
  • 03Sources and further reading