Energy Academy
Procurement Fundamentals1 / 12

Tariff Structures & Pricing

Fixed vs variable; day-ahead, forward markets; unit rates, standing charges.

11 min read · Jacob Willis, Net Zero Lead · Last reviewed July 2026


Before you can buy energy well, you must understand how it is priced. Energy tariffs are more complex than a single price per unit, and understanding their structure is the foundation of effective procurement.

In this lesson

  • 01Energy is not one price
  • 02The components of an energy bill
  • 03Wholesale and retail
  • 04Time-of-use pricing
  • 05Demand and capacity charges
  • 06Why structure matters for procurement
  • 07Sources and further reading