Energy Academy
Building Management Systems (BMS)9 / 13

BMS Architecture & Integration

Central vs distributed control, network architecture, protocol standards (BACnet, Modbus).

10 min read · Jacob Willis, Net Zero Lead · Last reviewed July 2026


A single building can run hundreds of control loops, and a Building Management System (BMS) is what ties them together: the central nervous system that monitors, coordinates and records HVAC, lighting, and often power, metering and more. For an energy manager the BMS is the most powerful tool in the building, because it is both the place waste is created (through bad configuration) and the place it is found (through the data it holds). This lesson covers how a BMS is structured and how its parts talk, so the later lessons on what it can do have somewhere to stand.

In this lesson

  • 01Centralised, distributed, and the modern middle
  • 02How the pieces talk: protocols
  • 03Data points: the hidden asset
  • 04Sources and further reading