Energy Academy
Quantifying Savings & Avoiding Pitfalls10 / 13

Common Pitfalls & Overstatement

Boundary changes, occupancy underestimation, weather luck, rebound effects; how to avoid.

10 min read · Jacob Willis, Net Zero Lead · Last reviewed July 2026


M&V is as much about integrity as arithmetic. Savings can be overstated - deliberately or accidentally - in many ways. Knowing the common pitfalls is essential to producing numbers that withstand scrutiny.

In this lesson

  • 01Boundary changes
  • 02Ignoring or under-counting drivers
  • 03Weather luck
  • 04The rebound effect
  • 05Selective data and cherry-picking
  • 06Over-fitting the baseline model
  • 07Optimism in predictions versus measurement
  • 08Persistence and drift
  • 09The overstatement trap
  • 10Sources and further reading