Energy Academy
Heat Recovery Technologies5 / 13

Heat Exchangers & Effectiveness

Plate, shell-and-tube, brazed-plate types; effectiveness, fouling, approach temperature.

11 min read · Jacob Willis, Net Zero Lead · Last reviewed July 2026


Every waste heat recovery scheme comes down to one component doing the actual work: a heat exchanger, transferring heat from the waste stream to the load without mixing the two. Choosing the right type and sizing it correctly decides how much of the available heat you actually capture and how close you get to the temperature the load needs. This lesson covers the main types, the two numbers that describe how well an exchanger performs, and the fouling that quietly erodes both.

In this lesson

  • 01The main types
  • 02Effectiveness and approach temperature
  • 03Fouling: the slow leak of performance
  • 04Sources and further reading