Envelope Design & Heat Loss3 / 13
Thermal Bridging in Buildings
Cold spots at structure, fixtures; impact on temperature, condensation, and overall efficiency.
10 min read · Jacob Willis, Net Zero Lead · Last reviewed July 2026
A building can hit excellent U-values on every wall, roof and floor and still lose significant heat, because heat does not only flow through the middle of an element. It finds the weak points: the junctions, the more conductive materials, the geometric corners where the insulation is interrupted. These are thermal bridges, and beyond wasting energy they chill inner surfaces enough to grow mould. This lesson covers the two kinds of bridge, why they matter beyond energy, and how they are designed out.
In this lesson
- 01Two kinds of bridge
- 02Why bridges matter beyond energy
- 03Why retrofit makes bridges worse
- 04Designing them out
- 05Sources and further reading