Energy Academy
Controls & Operational Strategy7 / 13

Control Loops & Feedback

Temperature, humidity, pressure, and sequence control.

10 min read · Jacob Willis, Net Zero Lead · Last reviewed July 2026


A thermostat is a control loop: it senses temperature, compares it to a setpoint, and adjusts output to maintain that setpoint. Understanding how control loops work, and how they can go wrong, is key to running HVAC efficiently.

In this lesson

  • 01Feedback control: the basic loop
  • 02Types of control
  • 03Multi-loop hierarchical control
  • 04Sensor issues
  • 05Dead band (avoid hunting)
  • 06Common control failures
  • 07Sources and further reading