Energy Academy
Heating & Cooling Loads4 / 13

Sensible vs Latent Loads

Heating/cooling the air vs dehumidifying.

9 min read · Jacob Willis, Net Zero Lead · Last reviewed July 2026


A room might feel uncomfortable at 21 °C and 70% humidity even though the temperature is correct. The problem is latent load: the water vapour in the air. To design an efficient HVAC system, you must control both sensible (temperature) and latent (humidity) loads. They require different strategies.

In this lesson

  • 01Sensible cooling and heating
  • 02Latent cooling (dehumidification)
  • 03Sensible vs latent ratio
  • 04Control strategies for humidity
  • 05The psychrometric chart: how engineers visualize it
  • 06Energy implications
  • 07Sources and further reading