Energy Academy
Controls & Daylighting9 / 13

Occupancy Sensors & Motion Control

PIR, microwave sensors; false-off delays and energy savings.

9 min read · Jacob Willis, Net Zero Lead · Last reviewed July 2026


The cheapest light is the one that is switched off. Occupancy and presence sensors turn lights off automatically when nobody needs them, capturing savings that would otherwise depend on someone remembering to flick a switch, which reliably does not happen. Combined with efficient lamps, controls are what turn a good LED retrofit into a great one. This lesson covers how the sensors work, the important occupancy-versus-vacancy distinction, where they pay best, and the settings that make or break them.

In this lesson

  • 01How they work
  • 02Occupancy versus vacancy
  • 03Where they pay best
  • 04Getting the settings right
  • 05Sources and further reading