Energy Academy
Analysis & Reporting8 / 12

Normalise Data & Establish Baseline

Processing raw data, handling weather/occupancy variations, and baseline calculation.

10 min read · Jacob Willis, Net Zero Lead · Last reviewed July 2026


Every number in an audit report is a comparison in disguise. "The site uses too much gas" means: more than the weather justifies. "The lighting is inefficient" means: more watts per square metre than good practice needs. Before any opportunity can be quantified, the audit must establish the reference points those comparisons stand on: a normalised baseline of what the site should consume given its conditions, and benchmarks that say how similar sites perform. This lesson builds both.

In this lesson

  • 01The baseline: the site compared with itself
  • 02Benchmarks: the site compared with its peers
  • 03Handling change during the data period
  • 04Sources and further reading